Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey (106–48 BC), was a key figure in the Roman Republic, distinguishing himself as a military and political leader. He forged a remarkable military career from a young age, earning the title "Magnus" (the Great) from his troops due to his formidable skills on the battlefield. Initially an ally of Julius Caesar, together with Crassus, they formed the First Triumvirate, an informal political alliance that dominated Roman politics. However, their alliance crumbled following Crassus’s death and Pompey’s aligning with Caesar’s opponents in the Senate. The ensuing civil war between Pompey and Caesar was a pivotal period in Roman history. Despite significant successes and popularity in Rome, Pompey was ultimately defeated by Caesar in the Battle of Pharsalus in 48 BC. He sought refuge in Egypt, where he was assassinated on the orders of Ptolemy XIII. Pompey's career and death underscore the power struggles and political machinations of the Late Republic, preceding its transition into an empire.