Foundations of Cryptocurrency is a compilation of essential resources in crypto. Volume 2 focuses on Ethereum.

First conceived of by Vitalik Buterin in 2013, Ethereum was the first Turing-complete blockchain. Its built-in programming language enables developers to deploy decentralized applications to the blockchain. Like Bitcoin, Ethereum built upon a long history of research in cryptography, distributed systems, economics, and game theory, including Satoshi Nakamoto's 2008 breakthrough in achieving digital, distributed consensus via a blockchain.

The Bitcoin network was designed as a peer-to-peer payment system, but developers soon began to experiment with other implementations of its underlying technology. Financial instruments, non-fungible assets, and even smart contracts were all deployed to the Bitcoin blockchain. Ethereum's innovation was creating a new type of blockchain designed for the efficient development and secure deployment of these applications, as well as all future use cases that might emerge.

Volume 2 is structured around the history of four major applications of Ethereum that Vitalik envisioned in the Ethereum whitepaper: 1) smart contracts, 2) financial instruments, 3) non-fungible assets, and 4) decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO's).

The documents in each section include those referenced in the Ethereum whitepaper, supplemental readings, and examples of actual implementations on Ethereum. Volume 2 ends with a brief review of research related to Eth2 and proof-of-stake, the next stage in Ethereum’s development. Together, these documents form a curated collection rather than a comprehensive survey.

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