1

A brain–computer interface

A cognitive computer is a computer that hardwires artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms into an integrated circuit that closely repr

AI

Alan

Alex

All silicon light emitting diodes waveguide integrated

A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges

An artificial neuron is a mathematical function conceived as a model of biological neurons

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an

An electromagnetic field

An ultrahigh impedance superconducting thermal switch

A Review of Current Neuromorphic Approaches

Artificial Brain Simulation -

Asynchronous

atomic

backdoor

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)

Complex networks

Computational Science

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that implants a neurostimulator and electrodes which sends electrical impulses to specified targe

DeepSouth

Design of superconducting optoelectronic networks

DishBrain: human brain cells in a dish

Electro-optic Activation Functions researchers have investigated the use of electro-optic effects in neuromorphic systems

Entropy

Extracellular spike waveforms, local field potentials (LFP), spike signals, threshold crossing

Field-programmable

Flux

Geoffrey

Hacking

hardware description language

IBM

Ilya

In 2023, IBM released its NorthPole chip, which is a proof-of-concept for dramatically improving performance by intertwining compute with memory on-ch

In interconnected Hopfield neural networks (HNN), electromagnetic induction flows can be induced due to membrane potential differences. Researchers ha

In physics, a charged particle is a particle

In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and

In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity

In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information

inspiration

Intel's Loihi 2, released in September 2021, boasts faster speeds, higher-bandwidth inter-chip communications for enhanced scalability, increased capa

International Centre

In-Vivo Networking (IVN) is an innovative technology that wirelessly powers and communicates

Ion

laser

Machine

Memristors

monolithically integrating superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Multi-planar amorphous silicon photonics

multi-planar integrated photonic

nanoscale photonic-electronic

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Network Science

Neuralink

neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the neuronal organization found in

Neuromorphic

Neuromorphic computing emphasizes the emergent behavior

Neuromorphic systems prioritize energy efficiency. By leveraging the behavior of electrons, these systems achieve

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity

Neuroscience

Optogenetics is a biological technique to control the activity of neurons or

photonic

Photonics

Portrait of Carver Andress Mead an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of En

programmable logic

Quantum electronics is a term that was used mainly between the 1950s and 1970s to denote the area of physics dealing with the effects of quantum mecha

Quantum information science is a field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics with information theory

quantum neuromorphic

Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Richard

Ronald J. Williams

Room temperature deposited dielectrics and superconductors

Sam

Schematic

Schematic of basic

Schematic of loop neuron

self

Semiconductor

single-photon

Single photon

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are artificial neural networks (ANN) that more closely mimic

Spintronics

Superconducting

superconducting optoelectronic

Superconducting Optoelectronic Circuits

Synfire-gated dynamical

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system

The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle

The Computer and the Brain is an unfinished book by mathematician John von Neumann, begun shortly before his death and first published in 1958. Von Ne

The concept of biological computation proposes that living organisms perform computations, and that as such, abstract ideas of information and computa

The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative one

The Human Brain Project (HBP) was a €1-billion EU scientific research project that ran for

The metal–oxide–semiconductor

True

Waveguide-integrated silicon

1

A brain–computer interface

A cognitive computer is a computer that hardwires artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms into an integrated circuit that closely repr

AI

Alan

Alex

All silicon light emitting diodes waveguide integrated

A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges

An artificial neuron is a mathematical function conceived as a model of biological neurons

An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an

An electromagnetic field

An ultrahigh impedance superconducting thermal switch

A Review of Current Neuromorphic Approaches

Artificial Brain Simulation -

Asynchronous

atomic

backdoor

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)

Complex networks

Computational Science

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical procedure that implants a neurostimulator and electrodes which sends electrical impulses to specified targe

DeepSouth

Design of superconducting optoelectronic networks

DishBrain: human brain cells in a dish

Electro-optic Activation Functions researchers have investigated the use of electro-optic effects in neuromorphic systems

Entropy

Extracellular spike waveforms, local field potentials (LFP), spike signals, threshold crossing

Field-programmable

Flux

Geoffrey

Hacking

hardware description language

IBM

Ilya

In 2023, IBM released its NorthPole chip, which is a proof-of-concept for dramatically improving performance by intertwining compute with memory on-ch

In interconnected Hopfield neural networks (HNN), electromagnetic induction flows can be induced due to membrane potential differences. Researchers ha

In physics, a charged particle is a particle

In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge

In physics, energy is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and

In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity

In quantum computing, a qubit or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information

inspiration

Intel's Loihi 2, released in September 2021, boasts faster speeds, higher-bandwidth inter-chip communications for enhanced scalability, increased capa

International Centre

In-Vivo Networking (IVN) is an innovative technology that wirelessly powers and communicates

Ion

laser

Machine

Memristors

monolithically integrating superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors

Multi-planar amorphous silicon photonics

multi-planar integrated photonic

nanoscale photonic-electronic

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Network Science

Neuralink

neural network (also artificial neural network or neural net abbreviated ANN or NN) is a model inspired by the neuronal organization found in

Neuromorphic

Neuromorphic computing emphasizes the emergent behavior

Neuromorphic systems prioritize energy efficiency. By leveraging the behavior of electrons, these systems achieve

Neuroplasticity, also known as neural plasticity or brain plasticity

Neuroscience

Optogenetics is a biological technique to control the activity of neurons or

photonic

Photonics

Portrait of Carver Andress Mead an American scientist and engineer. He currently holds the position of Gordon and Betty Moore Professor Emeritus of En

programmable logic

Quantum electronics is a term that was used mainly between the 1950s and 1970s to denote the area of physics dealing with the effects of quantum mecha

Quantum information science is a field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics with information theory

quantum neuromorphic

Quantum optics is a branch of atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Richard

Ronald J. Williams

Room temperature deposited dielectrics and superconductors

Sam

Schematic

Schematic of basic

Schematic of loop neuron

self

Semiconductor

single-photon

Single photon

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are artificial neural networks (ANN) that more closely mimic

Spintronics

Superconducting

superconducting optoelectronic

Superconducting Optoelectronic Circuits

Synfire-gated dynamical

The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system

The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle

The Computer and the Brain is an unfinished book by mathematician John von Neumann, begun shortly before his death and first published in 1958. Von Ne

The concept of biological computation proposes that living organisms perform computations, and that as such, abstract ideas of information and computa

The electron is a subatomic particle with a negative one

The Human Brain Project (HBP) was a €1-billion EU scientific research project that ran for

The metal–oxide–semiconductor

True

Waveguide-integrated silicon