Often, when something goes wrong, we start to analyse why it happened. The problem with that is that we don’t really ask the true why. There’s a sort of Socratic questioning where you ask questions about your questions. It’s kind of like a child asks “why” after every “why”. As for the mental model, the idea is to keep in mind that the proximate cause i.e. the cause near the event, may not always be the root cause.